Water heater elements are vital components in electric water heaters, responsible for heating the water inside the tank. If your water heater is not producing enough hot water or none at all, a faulty element might be the issue. Checking the water heater element is a straightforward process that requires a multimeter and some basic safety precautions. Here is a complete guide on How to Check a Water Heater Element.
Preparing to Check the Element
Before beginning, ensure safety by turning off the power supply to the water heater. Locate your home’s circuit breaker and switch off the breaker that powers the water heater. For additional safety, use a voltage tester to confirm there is no electrical current running to the unit.
Next, locate the access panels on the side of the water heater. Most models have two panels—one for the upper element and one for the lower element. Use a screwdriver to remove the panels and expose the elements. Beneath the panels, you will find insulation and a plastic cover. Remove these to access the thermostat and heating element.
Testing the Water Heater Element
To test the element, you will need a multimeter. Set the multimeter to the lowest ohms setting, which is typically marked as “Ω.”
- Check the element for continuity:
Place one probe of the multimeter on one terminal of the heating element and the other probe on the second terminal. If the multimeter shows a reading between 10 and 30 ohms, the element is functioning correctly. A reading of “0” or “OL” (open line) indicates that the element is faulty and needs to be replaced. - Test for a grounded element:
Place one probe on one terminal of the element and the other probe on the metal tank of the water heater. Repeat this step with the other terminal. If the multimeter shows any reading other than “0,” the element is grounded and should be replaced.
Replacing a Faulty Element
If the element is faulty, it must be replaced. Begin by draining the water heater. Attach a hose to the drain valve at the bottom of the tank and direct the water to a suitable drainage area. Open the drain valve and allow the water to flow out.
Use an element wrench or a large socket wrench to remove the old element. Insert the new element into the opening and tighten it securely. Refill the tank by turning on the cold water supply and check for leaks around the new element.
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Reassembling and Testing
Once the new element is installed, replace the insulation and plastic covers, and secure the access panels. Turn the power back on at the circuit breaker. Wait a few hours for the water heater to heat the water and check if the issue is resolved.
Regular Maintenance
To prevent future issues, periodically check your water heater for sediment buildup, which can reduce the efficiency of the heating elements. Draining and flushing the tank annually can help maintain its performance and prolong the life of the elements.
By following these steps, you can effectively diagnose and address problems with your water heater elements, ensuring a steady supply of hot water in your home.
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What Do Multimeter Readings Mean? A Quick Reference
Use the table below to read your multimeter results. Always turn off the power at the breaker before you test, and confirm there is no current with a voltage tester. If you are not comfortable working with electricity, call a licensed electrician.
| Test | Reading | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Continuity, across both terminals | 10 to 30 ohms | Element is working |
| Continuity, across both terminals | 0 or OL (open line) | Element is faulty, replace it |
| Grounded, terminal to tank | 0 ohms | Element is not grounded, good |
| Grounded, terminal to tank | Any reading other than 0 | Element is grounded, replace it |
Signs Your Water Heater Element Is Failing
Look for these warning signs. Lukewarm water or no hot water at all is the most common sign. Water that heats slowly or runs out fast can mean one element has failed. A tripped circuit breaker that keeps tripping can mean a grounded element. Strange noises, such as popping or rumbling, can mean sediment has built up on the element. Rusty or discoloured water can mean the tank or the element is corroding. A higher energy bill without a change in use can mean the element is working harder than it should. If you notice any of these signs, test the elements with a multimeter. If both elements test fine, the problem may be the thermostat, the wiring, or sediment in the tank.
How to Replace a Water Heater Element Safely
Turn off the power at the breaker and confirm it is off with a voltage tester. Turn off the cold water supply to the heater. Attach a hose to the drain valve and drain the tank until the water level is below the element. Remove the access panel, insulation, and plastic cover. Disconnect the wires from the element and label them. Use an element wrench to unscrew the old element. Insert the new element and tighten it securely. Reconnect the wires to the same terminals. Close the drain valve and refill the tank by turning on the cold water supply. Open a hot water tap to let air out of the tank. Check for leaks around the new element. Turn the power back on only after the tank is full. Wait a few hours for the water to heat and check that the problem is resolved. If you are not comfortable with any step, call a licensed plumber or electrician.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if my water heater element is bad?
Test it with a multimeter. Set the multimeter to the lowest ohms setting. A reading of 10 to 30 ohms across both terminals means the element is working. A reading of 0 or OL means it is faulty and should be replaced. Also test for a grounded element by placing one probe on a terminal and the other on the metal tank.
Can I replace a water heater element myself?
Yes, if you are comfortable working with electricity and plumbing. Turn off the power at the breaker, confirm it is off, drain the tank, and use an element wrench. If you are not comfortable, call a licensed plumber or electrician. Never work on a water heater with the power on.
How long do water heater elements last?
Most water heater elements last 6 to 10 years. Hard water and sediment build-up can shorten their life. Flushing the tank once a year helps the elements last longer. Replace the anode rod when it is worn out to protect the tank.
Why is my water heater not producing hot water?
A faulty element is the most common cause, but the problem could also be a tripped breaker, a faulty thermostat, or sediment in the tank. Test the elements with a multimeter first. If both elements test fine, check the thermostat and the wiring.
How much does it cost to replace a water heater element?
A replacement element costs $20 to $50. A professional replacement, including labour, usually costs $200 to $400. Prices vary by location and by the type of element. Get a quote from a licensed plumber before you decide.
Disclaimer: This guide gives general information about checking a water heater element. Working with electricity and hot water is dangerous. Always turn off the power at the breaker and confirm it is off before you test or replace an element. If you are not comfortable, call a licensed electrician or plumber.
Last Updated: 6 November 2026